Method of making structures for superheating and other purposes.



H. LUUKENBACH. METHOD OF MAKING STRUCTURES FOR SUPERHEATING AND OTHER PURPOSES.

APPLIOATION FILED $1 3.26, 1911.

Patented May 7, i912.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

HARRY LUCKENBAOH, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO LUCKENBACH INVENTIO-NS DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.-, A

CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

METHOD OF MAKING STRUCTURES FOR SUPERHEATING AND OTHER PURPOSES.

To all whom it may concern I ing structures Be it known that I, HARRY LUokENBAoH, a c tizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and use' liquids and for other purposes, and more particularly to such structures in, which the channel or chamber for the fluid oragent to be heated is incased or inclosed within a body of metal which serves as a protecting lncasement for the chamber or channel to which the fluid is supplied and also serves to absorb and transmit heat to the cliamber or channel in which, water is to be heated or superheat the 1t s heat retained or maintained, or the steam, alr or other gases superheated.

The invent1on has for its object the prac t1ce of a method by which the metal chamberproduct is protected or channel of the against injury or deterioration by heat while cast-ing about it a metal incasement, and bywhich method also there is provided a granular non-fusible filling confined between the metal chamber or channel and the metal casement cast about it so that the chamber or channel will be protected against injury from the intense heat to which the inclosing incasement may be subjected for the purpose of superheating the fluid or gas passing through the chamber or channel and which also makes it possible to maintain in thechamber or channel such a temperature that the heated air or fluid or gas introduced therein will not lose, orbe lowered, in temperature, and thus by maintaining its temperature making it possible to more quickly same and to bring it to a hi her degree of superheat; said granular fill ing also permitting expansion and con traction of the metal of the chamber or channel. a

Specification of Letters Yatent.

Application filed April 26, 1911.

Serial No. 623,471.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and such other objects as may be hereinafter made to appear the invention contemplates the application to the surface of the chant ber or channel of a non-fusible plastic composition having the characteristic of retain- Patented May '7, 1912.

lug-its homogeneity without fracture or the v formation'of fissures during the step of being baked to hardness preparatory to being incased in abody of molten cast met-a1,

and possessing the further characteristic of becoming comminuted or pulverized upon the application of the body of molten cast metal thereto. It is necessary that the plastic composition shonld not fracture or fis-.

sure before the application of the body of molten cast metal to it because if it did, the molten cast metal would come in contact with the wall of the chamber or channel, the same being ordinarily of cast, wrought or steel metal, and disintegrate or destroy the integrity of the material composing the wall of the chamber or channel, and it is also desirableto have the plastic material comminute or pulverize upon the application thereto of the body of molten cast metal so that as the cast, wrought iron, or

steel chamber or. channel thus becomes incased within a body of cast metal the pulverized non-fusible substance between the wall ofithe chamber or channel and the body of cast metal will serve to protect'the chamber or channel from the destructive influence of the intense heat derived by the cast metal from the heat products of a combustion chamber and transmitted through such body to the chamber or channel containing the fluid or agent to be heated, sa d pulverized non-fusible substance also permitting expansion and contraction of the metal constituting' the chamber or channel which would not be provided for if the nonfusible substance between the body of cast metal and the wall of the chamber or chanl nel were solid. The structure produced comprises a chamber or channel containing the agent to be heated or superheated and the incasing'body of cast metal with the non-' fusible fire-resisting pulverized substance intervening between the cast metal body and the chamberor channel for the agent or fluid to be acted upon and is susceptible of a diversity of applications or uses wherea structure having the characteristics meni tioned is desirable or necessary for accomplishment of the objects in view. This structure however is not claimed herein as it forms the subject of a separate apphcation, although for clearness in describing the methodreference is made to features of v the structure and to the accompanying or chamber and intermediate pulverized sub stance, and curved to represent a section of a fire-box or combustion chamber.

For the purpose of obtaining a proper plastic composition possessing the necessary conditions or characteristics for successfully carrying into effect the invention I have made numerous experiments with a number of different'refractory or fire-resisting clays and discovered that many of the materials experimented with failedto give the results because the substance or composition although non-fusible would, upon being baked or hardened, crack or havefissures formed therein so that when molten cast metal was applied to the coating the molten metal would find its way through the fissures or cracks and coming in contact with the cast or wrought iron or steel chamber or channel would disintegrate or destroy the texture or fiber, of the metal so that the chamber or channel would be rendered unfit for the purposes contemplated. Finally I discovered that the non-fusible clay known as blast furnace clay is sufficiently moisture receptive as to amalgamate advantageously with graphite and a non-inflammable oil seas to form a plastic composition which will adhere tenaciously to the surface of the cast, wrought or steel metal chamber or channel to which applied and enable the same to be baked or hardened without contracting to a degree that would cause fissures or fractures in the plastic coating, thus making it possible to apply molten cast metal to the chamber or channel and this coating without coming in contact with and injurlng the metal constituting the L chamber or channel. a

I obtained the best results by combining with the blast furnace clay, pulverized graphite in the proportion substantially of one part of pulverized graphite to two parts of the blast furnace clay and adding sufficient oil to moisten themixture and produce a plastic composition which would adhere tenaciously to the iron surface coated with'it. I also discovered that by using cotchannel.

ton-seed oil as the moistening agent the best results were obtained because this oil would not inflame or burn under the,heat to which the plastic composition and chamber or channel which it inclosed was subjected in the baking or hardening of the composition, but such oil would evaporate thus leaving the composition a hard and solid mass inclosing the metal chamber or channel.

Inusing this plastic composition I usually apply it to the metal surface 1 to produce a coating 2 varying from one-quarter of an inch to one inch in thickness, and after so coating the metal chamber or channel the whole is placed within a suitable oven for heating and baking the composition until it becomes hard or solid. After the plastic composition has thus been hardened the chamber or channel coated therewith is placed in a suitable ,mold and molten cast metal, preferably high-grade cast iron, is introduced or applied so as to wholly incase the cast, wrought iron or steel chamber or channel. This molten cast iron coming in contact with the plastic coating disintegrates or comminutes the composition and leaves the same in the condition of a pulverized substance 3 filling the space between the molten cast iron body 4 and the cast, wrought or steel metal chamber or channel, the plastic composition preventing the molten metal from coming in contact with the wrought iron during the molding operation, and the plastic composition when pulverized serving) to practically fill the space between the ody of cast iron and the cast, wrought iron or steel chamber or channel but allowing of contraction and expansion of the cast, wrought iron or steel chamber or channel in the uses to which the structure may be applied because of the pulverized character of the material lying between the outside cast metal body and the inclosed cast, wrought iron or steel chamber or channel. This non-fusible pulverized material thus interposed between the cast steel chamber or channel allows the intense heat to which the cast metal body may be subjected tobe transmitted from the cast metal body and through the pulverized fillmg to the cast, wrought iron or steel chamber or channel without the cast metal body being in direct contact with the surface of the cast, wrought or steel metal chamber or The cast iron body can be subjected to a very high degree of heat which would disintegrate or destroy the cast, wrought iron or steel chamber or channel if allowed to come in direct contact therewith.

It has been proposed heretofore to incase wrought iron pipes in a molten body of cast metal but when molten cast metal is brought in direct contact with a wrought iron pipe metal body and the cast, wrought iron or y the molten metal tends to melt the pipe with which it comes in contact, and I have also learned that if the'wrought iron be first coated with a plastic composition that said composition will crack or fracture when dried and when such is the case and'molten metal is poured or molded upon the pipeso coated the metal will at once flow through the fracture and coming in contact with the wrought iron will melt or seriously injure the strength of the metal and thus produce a defective structure. But by providing a composition such as I (have mentioned these difficulties are overcome and the advantages I' have specified are obtained. The blast furnace clay forming a part of my composition is a red clay containing a relatively large percentage of 'magnesiayand' is 00m monly used in connection with blast furnaces, and from all my experiments I have found the'best results obtained when this blast furnace clay is combined with graphite and with oil, particula'rlycottonseed oil. f

The structure produced under the method described is particularly well adapted fdr use in superheating steam, air or other ase's as the castmetal body will without etri- Mment to its texture receive a' very high de-= gree of heat and can be brought to a state of incandescence so as to, transmit to, the cast, wrought iron or steel chamber or channel such a high temperature as to obtain-the highest superheating of the steam, air or other gases passing through the cast, wrought iron or steel chamber or channel.

'Itcanhowever also be employed to advalrtage where water is. to be heated by passing it through the cast,7 wrought iron or "steel chamber or channel. e j

Having described my invention and set forth its merits what I claim is g,

1. The method of protecting a hollow consisting in coating the metal chamber or ing the plastic coating; and then applying a body of molten cast metal to the chamber ofcast metal; 7

, 4.The method of protecting a metal chamber or channel against injury by heat consisting in coating the metal chamber or channel with" a non-fusible disintegrable plastic, and then applying a body of molten and the plastic-composition to granul'ate or disintegrate the plastic and confine it bebody of cast metal.

in presence of two witnesses.

HARRY- LUCKENBACH.

Witnesses:

EDGAR M. JENNINGS,

. JAMES Mnmnn'ron.

aphite and cotton-seed metal channel or chamber from 'injuryby 4 3. The method of protecting a metal chamber or channel from injury by heat channel with a plastic consisting of blast furnace clay, graphite and a non-inflam mable oil, such as cotton-seed oil; then bakp or channeland coating to granulate or dis integrate the coating and confine it between the chamber or channel and incasing body;

cast metal to themetal chamber or channel tween thechamber or channel and incasing In testimony whereof I afliri my signature 

